Apa itu Dot1x di mikrotik

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Dot1x is implementation of IEEE 802.1X standard in RouterOS. Main purpose is to provide port-based network access control using EAP over LAN also known as EAPOL. 802.1X consists of a supplicant, an authenticator and an authentication server (RADIUS server). Currently both authenticator and supplicant sides are supported in RouterOS. Supported EAP methods for supplicant are EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2.

Client

Properties

Property	Description
anon-identity (string; Default: )	Identity for outer layer EAP authentication. Used only with eap-ttls and eap-peap methods. If not set, value from identity parameter will be used for outer layer EAP authentication.
client-certificate (string; Default: )	Name of a certificate listed in System/Certificates. Necessary when eap-tls method is used.
comment (string; Default: )	Short description of the entry.
disabled (yes | no; Default: no)	Whether client is enabled or not.
eap-methods (eap-tls | eap-ttls | eap-peap | eap-mschapv2; Default: )	Ordered list of EAP methods used for authentication.
identity (string; Default: )	Supplicant identity used for EAP authentication.
interface (string; Default: )	Name of the interface the client will run on.
password (string; Default: )	Cleartext password for supplicant.

Read only properties

Property

Description

status (authenticated | authenticating | disabled)

Possible statuses: authenticated - the client has successfully authenticated; authenticated without server - access to the port is granted without communication with server; authenticating - the server is reached and authentication process is ongoing; connecting - initial stage of the authentication process; disabled - the client is disabled; error - an internal error has occurred; interface is down - the parent interface is not running; rejected - the server denied the authentication.

Server

Properties

Property	Description
accounting (yes | no; Default: yes)	Whether to send RADIUS accounting requests to authentication server.
auth-timeout (time; Default: 1m)	Total time available for EAP authentication.
comment (string; Default: )	Short description of the entry.
interim-update (time; Default: 0s)	Interval between scheduled RADIUS Interim-Update messages.
disabled (yes | no; Default: no)	Whether server config is enabled or not.
interface (string; Default: )	Name of the interface or interface list the server will run on.
retrans-timeout (time; Default: 30s)	Time interval between message retransmissions if no response is received from supplicant.

Active

Currently authenticated clients are listed in this menu.

Read only properties

Property	Description
client-mac (mac-address)	MAC Address of the supplicant.
interface (string)	Name of the interface.
session-id (string)	Unique session identifier.
username (string)	Identity of the supplicant.
vlan-id (string)	Untagged VLAN ID that is assigned to the interface. VLAN ID filtering must be enabled on bridge.

State

Statuses of all active dot1x server interfaces are listed in this menu.

Read only properties

Property	Description
interface (string)	Name of the interface.
status (string)	Possible interface statuses: authorized - access to interface is granted; iface-down - interface is not running; rejected-holding - access was rejected by the RADIUS server; un-authorized - access to interface is not granted.

Application Example

RouterOS Authenticator configuration

Start off by adding a new RADIUS client. The authentication server (RADIUS) does not necessary have to be in the same LAN as authenticator, but it must be reachable from the authenticator, so any firewall limitations must be considered.

/radius
add address=10.1.2.3 secret=radiussecret service=dot1x

Note: if RADIUS communication is done over public network, it is advised to use RadSec for RADIUS communication. More information: RADIUS Client

Add new dot1x server instances.

/interface dot1x server
add interface=ether2 interim-update=30s comment=accounted
add interface=ether12 accounting=no comment=notaccounted

Port based VLAN ID assignment

It is possible to assign an authenticated interface to a specific VLAN ID using bridge VLAN filtering. This can be done using RADIUS Tunnel-Type, Tunnel-Medium-Type and Tunnel-Private-Group-ID attributes. Note that only devices with hardware offloaded VLAN filtering will be able to do this in switch chip. See Bridge Hardware Offloading.

First of all, make sure the interface is added to a bridge which has VLAN filtering enabled.

/interface bridge
add name=bridge1 vlan-filtering=yes
/interface bridge port
add bridge=bridge1 interface=ether1
add bridge=bridge1 interface=ether2
add bridge=bridge1 interface=ether12

It is necessary to add static VLAN configuration for tagged VLAN traffic to be sent over ether1 interface.

/interface bridge vlan
add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether1 vlan-ids=2
add bridge=bridge1 tagged=ether1 vlan-ids=12

With enabled RADIUS debug logs it is possible to see complete RADIUS message packets with all attributes. In our example, Tunnel attributes are received in Access-Accept message from RADIUS server:

09:51:45 radius,debug,packet received Access-Accept with id 64 from 10.1.2.3:1812
09:51:45 radius,debug,packet     Tunnel-Type = 13 
09:51:45 radius,debug,packet     Tunnel-Medium-Type = 6 
09:51:45 radius,debug,packet     Tunnel-Private-Group-ID = "12" 
(..)
09:51:45 radius,debug,packet     User-Name = "dot1x-user" 

The VLAN ID is now present in active session list and untagged ports are added to previously created static VLAN configuration.

/interface dot1x server active print 
 0 interface=ether12 username="dot1x-user" user-mac=00:0C:42:EB:71:F6 session-id="86b00006" vlan=12 

/interface bridge vlan print detail 
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic 
 0 D bridge=bridge1 vlan-ids=1 tagged="" untagged="" current-tagged="" current-untagged=bridge1,ether3 

 1   bridge=bridge1 vlan-ids=2 tagged=ether1 untagged="" current-tagged=ether1 current-untagged=ether2 

 2   bridge=bridge1 vlan-ids=12 tagged=ether1 untagged="" current-tagged=ether1 current-untagged=ether12 

RouterOS Supplicant configuration

CA certificates are required for eap-tls, eap-ttls and eap-peap authentication methods. Additionally a client certificate is required for eap-tls method. For this example we have already imported a P12 certificate bundle with self signed client and CA certificates. For more information how to import certificates in RouterOS, please visit System/Certificates.

/certificate print 
Flags: K - private-key, L - crl, C - smart-card-key, A - authority, I - issued, R - revoked, E - expired, T - trusted 
 #         NAME                                            COMMON-NAME                                         SUBJECT-ALT-NAME                                                                      FINGERPRINT                                        
 0 K  A  T dot1x-client                                    ez_dot1x-client                                     IP:10.1.2.34
 1  L A  T dot1x CA                                        ca                                      

Simply add a new dot1x client instance that will initiate authentication process.

/interface dot1x client
add anon-identity=anonymous client-certificate=dot1x-client eap-methods=eap-tls identity=dot1x-user interface=ether1 password=dot1xtest

If authentication was successful, the interface should have status authenticated.

/interface dot1x client print 
Flags: I - inactive, X - disabled 
 0   interface=ether1 eap-methods=eap-peap identity="dot1x-user" password="dot1xtest" anon-identity="anonymous" client-certificate=dot1x-client status="authenticated"